Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Einsteinium</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.math.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Einsteinium rootpage-Einsteinium skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Einsteinium</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="float-right infobox wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; font-size:120%; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center;">
<div id="table" style="position:relative;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:color:var(--color-inverted, #FFFFFF); color:var(--color-base, #000000); text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="30">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid; border:2px solid #72777D; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>] 5<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>11</sup> 7<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup></div>
<div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">99</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Es</span></div>
<div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; color:#202122;">Allgemein
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">Einsteinium, Es, 99
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Ac</a>, <a href="Chemische_Elemente_der_siebten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der siebten Periode">7</a>, <a href="Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">f</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7429-92-7">7429-92-7</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>








<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; color:#202122;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">252 <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">203 <a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>] 5<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>11</sup> 7<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1. <a href="Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>6<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>36758(25) <a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-einsteinium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">614<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>38 <a href="Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-einsteinium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">12<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>2(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-einsteinium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>180 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-einsteinium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">22<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>7(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-einsteinium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>190 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-einsteinium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">38<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>8(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-einsteinium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>740 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-einsteinium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">54<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>1(1,9) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-einsteinium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">5</span>220 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-einsteinium-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; color:#202122;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>fest
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Kubisches_Kristallsystem" title="Kubisches Kristallsystem">kubisch</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">(berechnet) 8,84 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1133 <a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (860 °C)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1269 K (996 °C)
</td></tr>




















<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; color:#202122;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">+2, <b>+3</b>, (+4)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a>
</td>
<td>? V (Es<sup>3+</sup> + 3&nbsp;e<sup>−</sup> → Es)
</td></tr>


<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; color:#202122;">Isotope
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable center darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122; border:hidden; margin:0;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a>
</td>
<td><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>)
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="nowrap"><sup>248</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="3">27 <a href="Minute" title="Minute">min</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (≈ 100&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><sup>248</sup>Cf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (≈ 0,25&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>244</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a>&nbsp;(3&nbsp;·&nbsp;10<sup>−5</sup>&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>?
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>249</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">102,2&nbsp;<a href="Minute" title="Minute">min</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (≈ 100&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><sup>249</sup>Cf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (≈ 0,57&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>245</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>250</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">8,6 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (&gt; 97&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>2,100
</td>
<td><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><sup>250</sup>Cf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (?)
</td>
<td>6,880
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>246</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>251</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">33 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (?)
</td>
<td>0,367
</td>
<td><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><sup>251</sup>Cf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (0,5&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>6,597
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>247</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>252</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">471,7 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (78&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>6,760
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>248</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (22&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>1,260
</td>
<td><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><sup>252</sup>Cf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>253</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">20,47 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (100&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>6,739
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>249</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a>&nbsp;(8,7&nbsp;·&nbsp;10<sup>−6</sup>&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>?
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>254</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">275,7 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (≈ 100&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>6,618
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>250</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> (0,03&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><sup>254</sup>Cf</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="nowrap"><sup>254<i>m</i></sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="3" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="3">39,3 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> (98&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><sup>254</sup>Fm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Spontane_Spaltung" title="Spontane Spaltung">SF</a> (&lt; 3&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>?
</td>
<td>?
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (0,32&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>250</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>255</sup>Es<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2">39,8 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a> (92,0&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>0,288
</td>
<td><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><sup>255</sup>Fm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a> (8,0&nbsp;%)
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><sup>251</sup>Bk</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122;">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_91_bis_Ordnungszahl_100#99_Einsteinium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 91 bis Ordnungszahl 100">Liste der Isotope</a>
</th></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; color:#202122;">Gefahren- und Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding-top:7px; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><b><a href="Radioaktiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktiv">Radioaktiv</a></b></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">


<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><br><i>keine Einstufung verfügbar</i><sup id="cite_ref-NV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:Orchid; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; color:#202122; font-size:smaller;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Einsteinium</b> ist ein ausschließlich künstlich erzeugtes <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> <i>Es</i> und der <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 99. Im <a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der Gruppe der <a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> (<a href="Periode-7-Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode-7-Element">7.&nbsp;Periode</a>, <a href="F-Block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Block">f-Block</a>) und zählt zu den <a href="Transurane" title="Transurane">Transuranen</a>. Einsteinium ist ein <a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">radioaktives</a> Metall, welches nur mit hohem Aufwand in gerade noch wägbaren Mengen herstellbar ist. Es wurde 1952 nach dem Test der ersten amerikanischen <a href="Wasserstoffbombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasserstoffbombe">Wasserstoffbombe</a> entdeckt und <a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> zu Ehren benannt, der jedoch persönlich mit der Entdeckung bzw. Forschung an Einsteinium nichts zu tun hatte. Es entsteht in sehr geringen Mengen in <a href="Kernreaktor" title="Kernreaktor">Kernreaktoren</a>. Das Metall wie auch seine Verbindungen werden in geringen Mengen in erster Linie zu Studienzwecken gewonnen.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>



<p>Einsteinium wurde zusammen mit <a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> nach dem Test der ersten amerikanischen Wasserstoffbombe, <a href="Ivy_Mike" title="Ivy Mike">Ivy Mike</a>, am 1.&nbsp;November 1952 auf dem <a href="Eniwetok" title="Eniwetok">Eniwetok-Atoll</a> gefunden. Erste Proben erhielt man auf Filterpapieren, die man beim Durchfliegen durch die Explosionswolke mitführte. Größere Mengen isolierte man später aus Korallen. Aus Gründen der militärischen Geheimhaltung wurden die Ergebnisse zunächst nicht publiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine erste Untersuchung der Explosionsüberreste hatte die Entstehung eines neuen <a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a>isotops <sup>244</sup>Pu aufgezeigt, dies konnte nur durch die Aufnahme von sechs <a href="Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> durch einen <a href="Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a>-238-Kern und zwei folgende <a href="Beta-Zerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Zerfall">β-Zerfälle</a> entstanden sein.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-2\ \beta ^{-}}]{+\ 6\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 94}^{244}Pu} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>92</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>238</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mo>+</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>6</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>94</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>244</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-2\ \beta ^{-}}]{+\ 6\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 94}^{244}Pu} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c4b60ac4bf0d4ebf96b6a71fefa86f13dd5784e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.391ex; margin-top: -0.346ex; margin-bottom: -0.614ex; width:19.305ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-2\ \beta ^{-}}]{+\ 6\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 94}^{244}Pu} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Zu der Zeit nahm man an, dass die Absorption von Neutronen durch einen schweren Kern ein seltener Vorgang wäre. Die Identifizierung von <sup>244</sup>Pu ließ jedoch den Schluss zu, dass Urankerne viele Neutronen einfangen können, was zu neuen Elementen führt.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Trennung der gelösten Actinoid-Ionen erfolgte in Gegenwart eines <a href="Citronens%C3%A4ure" title="Citronensäure">Citronensäure</a>/<a href="Ammoniumcitrat" title="Ammoniumcitrat">Ammoniumcitrat</a>-Puffers im schwach sauren Medium (<a href="PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH</a>&nbsp;≈&nbsp;3,5) mit <a href="Ionenaustauscher" title="Ionenaustauscher">Ionenaustauschern</a> bei erhöhter Temperatur. Element 99 (Einsteinium) wurde schnell nachgewiesen; man fand zuerst das <a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> <sup>253</sup>Es, einen hochenergetischen <a href="Alpha-Zerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Zerfall">α-Strahler</a> (6,6&nbsp;MeV).<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es entsteht durch Einfangen von 15 Neutronen aus <sup>238</sup>U, gefolgt von sieben β-Zerfällen.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Diese Bildung durch fortgesetzten <a href="Neutroneneinfang" title="Neutroneneinfang">Neutroneneinfang</a> war möglich, weil im Moment der Detonation die <a href="Neutronenflussdichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutronenflussdichte">Neutronenflussdichte</a> so hoch war, dass die meisten der zwischenzeitlich gebildeten – radioaktiven – Atomkerne bis zum jeweils nächsten Neutroneneinfang noch nicht zerfallen waren. Bei sehr hohem Neutronenfluss steigt also die <a href="Massenzahl" title="Massenzahl">Massenzahl</a> stark an, ohne dass sich die Ordnungszahl ändert. Erst anschließend zerfallen die entstandenen instabilen <a href="Nuklid" title="Nuklid">Nuklide</a> über viele β-Zerfälle zu stabilen oder instabilen Nukliden mit hoher Ordnungszahl:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-7\ \beta ^{-}}]{+\ 15,\ 16,\ 17\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99}^{253,\ 254,\ 255}Es} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>92</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>238</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mo>+</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>15</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>16</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>17</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>253</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>254</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>255</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-7\ \beta ^{-}}]{+\ 15,\ 16,\ 17\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99}^{253,\ 254,\ 255}Es} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/40a621970bb60c515339d427edbe5018ca880d2c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.391ex; margin-top: -0.346ex; margin-bottom: -0.614ex; width:32.123ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{238}_{\ 92}U\ {\xrightarrow[{-7\ \beta ^{-}}]{+\ 15,\ 16,\ 17\ (n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99}^{253,\ 254,\ 255}Es} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Im September 1953 war noch nicht abzusehen, wann die Ergebnisse der Teams in <a href="Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Berkeley</a>, <a href="Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne</a> und <a href="Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a> veröffentlicht werden könnten. Man entschied sich dazu, die neuen Elemente durch Beschussexperimente herzustellen; gleichzeitig versicherte man sich, dass diese Ergebnisse nicht unter Geheimhaltung fallen würden und somit veröffentlicht werden konnten.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einsteiniumisotope wurden kurz danach am <a href="University_of_California_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California Radiation Laboratory">University of California Radiation Laboratory</a> durch Beschuss von Uran&nbsp;(<sup>238</sup>U) mit Stickstoff&nbsp;(<sup>14</sup>N) hergestellt. Dabei merkte man an, dass es Forschungen zu diesem Element gebe, die bislang noch unter Geheimhaltung stehen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isotope der beiden neu entdeckten Elemente wurden durch Bestrahlung des Plutoniumisotops <sup>239</sup>Pu erzeugt, die Ergebnisse wurden in fünf kurz aufeinander folgenden Publikationen veröffentlicht.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die letzten Reaktionen ausgehend von <a href="Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> sind:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 99}^{254}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{100}^{254}Fm} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>252</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mpadded>
</mover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>253</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>17</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>81</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>253</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mpadded>
</mover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>254</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>100</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>254</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 99}^{254}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{100}^{254}Fm} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2dcf5875c42aad904ed8c8a397de8fc552cf5f71.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.112ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.559ex; width:51.443ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ \xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )} \ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es\ \xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )} \ _{\ 99}^{254}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{100}^{254}Fm} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Team in Berkeley war zudem besorgt, dass eine andere Forschergruppe die leichteren Isotope des Elements 100 durch Ionenbeschuss entdecken und veröffentlichen könnte, bevor sie ihre unter Geheimhaltung stehende Forschung hätten veröffentlichen können.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denn im ausgehenden Jahr 1953 sowie zu Anfang des Jahres 1954 beschoss eine Arbeitsgruppe des Nobel-Instituts für Physik in <a href="Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> Urankerne mit Sauerstoffkernen; es bildete sich das Isotop mit der Massenzahl 250 des Elements 100 (<sup>250</sup>Fm).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das Team in Berkeley veröffentlichte schon einige Ergebnisse der chemischen Eigenschaften beider Elemente.<sup id="cite_ref-Properties_1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Properties_2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schließlich wurden die Ergebnisse der thermonuklearen Explosion im Jahr 1955 freigegeben und anschließend publiziert.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_FM_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_FM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Letztlich war die Priorität des Berkeley-Teams allgemein anerkannt, da ihre fünf Publikationen der schwedischen Publikation vorausgingen, und sie sich auf die zuvor noch geheimen Ergebnisse der thermonuklearen Explosion von 1952 stützen konnten. Damit war das Vorrecht verbunden, den neuen Elementen den Namen zu geben. Sie entschieden sich, diese fortan nach berühmten, bereits verstorbenen Wissenschaftlern zu benennen. Man war sich schnell einig, die Namen zu Ehren von <a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> und <a href="Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> zu vergeben, die beide erst vor kurzem verstorben waren:<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> „We suggest for the name for the element with the atomic number 99, einsteinium (symbol&nbsp;E) after Albert Einstein and for the name for the element with atomic number 100, fermium (symbol&nbsp;Fm), after Enrico Fermi.“<sup id="cite_ref-ES_FM_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_FM-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Bekanntgabe für die beiden neu entdeckten Elemente <i>Einsteinium</i> und <i>Fermium</i> erfolgte durch <a href="Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Albert Ghiorso</a> auf der <a href="Genfer_Atomkonferenz" title="Genfer Atomkonferenz">1.&nbsp;Genfer Atomkonferenz</a>, die vom 8. bis 20.&nbsp;August 1955 stattfand.<sup id="cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Elementsymbol für Einsteinium wurde später von <i>E</i> auf <i>Es</i> geändert.<sup id="cite_ref-HAIRE_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAIRE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2></div>
<p>Sämtliche bisher bekannten 17 Nuklide und 3 <a href="Kernisomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernisomer">Kernisomere</a> sind radioaktiv und instabil.<sup id="cite_ref-knk_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knk-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die bekannten Massenzahlen reichen von 241 bis 258. Die längste Halbwertszeit hat das Isotop <sup>252</sup>Es mit 471,7&nbsp;Tagen<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, so dass es auf der Erde keine natürlichen Vorkommen mehr geben kann. <sup>254</sup>Es hat eine Halbwertzeit von 275,7&nbsp;Tagen<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <sup>255</sup>Es von 39,8&nbsp;Tagen und <sup>253</sup>Es von 20,47&nbsp;Tagen. Alle weiteren radioaktiven Isotope haben Halbwertszeiten unterhalb von 40&nbsp;Stunden, bei der Mehrzahl von ihnen liegt diese unter 30&nbsp;Minuten. Von den 3 Kernisomeren ist <sup>254<i>m</i></sup>Es das stabilste mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;= 39,3&nbsp;Stunden.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>→ <a href="Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_91_bis_Ordnungszahl_100#99_Einsteinium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 91 bis Ordnungszahl 100">Liste der Einsteiniumisotope</a></i>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Darstellung">Gewinnung und Darstellung</h2></div>
<p>Einsteinium wird durch Beschuss von leichteren Actinoiden mit Neutronen in einem Kernreaktor erzeugt. Die Hauptquelle ist der 85&nbsp;<a href="Megawatt" title="Megawatt">MW</a> High-Flux-Isotope Reactor am <a href="Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> in Tennessee, USA, der auf die Herstellung von Trans<a href="Curium" title="Curium">curiumelementen</a> (Z&nbsp;&gt; 96) eingerichtet ist.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Im Jahr 1961 wurde genügend Einsteinium synthetisiert, um eine wägbare Menge des Isotops <sup>253</sup>Es zu erhalten. Diese Probe wog etwa 0,01&nbsp;mg und wurde zur Herstellung von <a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> eingesetzt. Weiteres Einsteinium wurde am Oak Ridge National Laboratory durch Beschuss von <sup>239</sup>Pu mit <a href="Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> hergestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ungefähr 3&nbsp;Milligramm wurden in einer vierjährigen Dauerbestrahlung aus einem Kilogramm Plutonium und anschließender Trennung erhalten.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gewinnung_von_Einsteiniumisotopen">Gewinnung von Einsteiniumisotopen</h3></div>
<p>Geringe Mengen an Einsteinium und Fermium wurden aus <a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> isoliert und abgetrennt, welches mit Neutronen bestrahlt wurde. Vier Einsteiniumisotope wurden gefunden (mit Angabe der damals gemessenen Halbwertszeiten):
</p>
<ul><li><sup>253</sup>Es: α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;= 20,03&nbsp;Tagen sowie mit einer Spontanspaltungs-Halbwertszeit von 7×10<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;Jahren</li>
<li><sup>254<i>m</i></sup>Es: β-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;= 38,5&nbsp;Stunden</li>
<li><sup>254</sup>Es: α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;≈&nbsp;320&nbsp;Tagen</li>
<li><sup>255</sup>Es: β-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;= 24&nbsp;Tagen</li></ul>
<p>Zwei Fermiumisotope wurden gefunden:
</p>
<ul><li><sup>254</sup>Fm: α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;= 3,24&nbsp;Stunden sowie mit einer Spontanspaltungs-Halbwertszeit von 246&nbsp;Tagen</li>
<li><sup>255</sup>Fm: α-Strahler mit t<sub>½</sub>&nbsp;= 21,5&nbsp;Stunden<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Durch Beschuss von Uran mit fünffach ionisierten Stickstoff- und sechsfach ionisierten Sauerstoffatomen wurden gleichfalls Einsteinium- und Fermiumisotope erzeugt.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das Isotop <sup>248</sup>Es wurde beim Beschuss von <sup>249</sup>Cf mit Deuterium identifiziert. Es zerfällt hauptsächlich durch <a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">Elektroneneinfang</a> (ε) mit einer Halbwertszeit von 25&nbsp;±&nbsp;5&nbsp;Minuten, aber auch durch die Aussendung von α-Teilchen (6,87&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,02&nbsp;MeV). Das Verhältnis (ε&nbsp;/&nbsp;α) von ≈&nbsp;400 konnte durch die Menge des durch Elektroneneinfang entstandenen <sup>248</sup>Cf identifiziert werden.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{249}_{\ 98}Cf\ +\ _{1}^{2}D\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 99}^{248}Es\ +\ 3\ _{0}^{1}n\quad \left(^{248}_{\ 99}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{27\ min}]{\epsilon }}\ _{\ 98}^{248}Cf\right)} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>249</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>248</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>+</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>3</mn>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>248</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>27</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mi>ϵ<!-- ϵ --></mi>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>248</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{249}_{\ 98}Cf\ +\ _{1}^{2}D\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 99}^{248}Es\ +\ 3\ _{0}^{1}n\quad \left(^{248}_{\ 99}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{27\ min}]{\epsilon }}\ _{\ 98}^{248}Cf\right)} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/85115ad812c3c66ccfd6c7741439fce1fc1be1c2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:55.638ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{249}_{\ 98}Cf\ +\ _{1}^{2}D\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 99}^{248}Es\ +\ 3\ _{0}^{1}n\quad \left(^{248}_{\ 99}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{27\ min}]{\epsilon }}\ _{\ 98}^{248}Cf\right)} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Isotope <sup>249</sup>Es, <sup>250</sup>Es, <sup>251</sup>Es und <sup>252</sup>Es wurden durch Beschuss von <sup>249</sup>Bk mit α-Teilchen erzeugt. Dabei können 4 bis 1 Neutronen den Kern verlassen, so dass die Bildung von vier unterschiedlichen Isotopen möglich ist.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{249}_{\ 97}Bk\ {\xrightarrow[{-\ 4\ bis\ 1\ n}]{+\alpha }}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99}^{249,\ 250,\ 251,\ 252}Es} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>97</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>249</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>4</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>1</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>249</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>250</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>251</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>252</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{249}_{\ 97}Bk\ {\xrightarrow[{-\ 4\ bis\ 1\ n}]{+\alpha }}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99}^{249,\ 250,\ 251,\ 252}Es} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/16e216c81a272463e710f8aa9d0f10f819a0589c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.927ex; margin-top: -0.326ex; margin-bottom: -0.578ex; width:31.944ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{249}_{\ 97}Bk\ {\xrightarrow[{-\ 4\ bis\ 1\ n}]{+\alpha }}\ _{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99}^{249,\ 250,\ 251,\ 252}Es} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Obwohl das Isotop <sup>252</sup>Es die längste Halbwertszeit ausweist, ist das Isotop <sup>253</sup>Es leichter zugänglich und wird überwiegend für die Bestimmung der chemischen Eigenschaften herangezogen. Es wurde durch Bestrahlung von 100 bis 200&nbsp;μg <sup>252</sup>Cf mit <a href="Thermische_Neutronen" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermische Neutronen">thermischen Neutronen</a> erhalten (Flussdichte: 2 bis 5×10<sup>14</sup> Neutronen&nbsp;×&nbsp;cm<sup>−2</sup>&nbsp;s<sup>−1</sup>, Zeitraum: 500 bis 900&nbsp;h). Zur Trennung wurde Ammonium-α-hydroxyisobutyrat verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>252</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mpadded>
</mover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>253</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>17</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>81</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>253</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ {\xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )}}\ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5f409bd2bd31e6e316748643fc25eb44d318bef5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.112ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.559ex; width:29.433ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{252}_{\ 98}Cf\ \xrightarrow {(n,\gamma )} \ _{\ 98}^{253}Cf\ {\xrightarrow[{17,81\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 99}^{253}Es} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darstellung_elementaren_Einsteiniums">Darstellung elementaren Einsteiniums</h3></div>
<p>Einsteinium erhält man durch Reduktion von Einsteinium(III)-fluorid mit <a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder Einsteinium(III)-oxid mit <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_METALL_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_METALL-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {EsF3 + 3 Li -> Es + 3 LiF}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mtext>EsF</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mtext>Li</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
<mtext>Es</mtext>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mtext>LiF</mtext>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {EsF3 + 3 Li -&gt; Es + 3 LiF}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2de5e083e4578e644fafb2241f6d9c4fa407c71e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.163ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathrm {EsF} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{}+{}3\,\mathrm {Li} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {Es} {}+{}3\,\mathrm {LiF} }}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Es2O3 + 2 La -> 2 Es + La2O3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mtext>Es</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mtext>O</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mtext>La</mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mtext>Es</mtext>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mtext>La</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mtext>O</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Es2O3 + 2 La -&gt; 2 Es + La2O3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1ef8328e0af4c427b37a3e1379d7053b072d34fa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:31.938ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathrm {Es} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {La} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {Es} {}+{}\mathrm {La} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>

<p>Im <a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht das Einsteinium mit der Ordnungszahl 99 in der Reihe der Actinoide, sein Vorgänger ist das Californium, das nachfolgende Element ist das Fermium. Sein <a href="Analogon_(Chemie)" title="Analogon (Chemie)">Analogon</a> in der Reihe der <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> ist das <a href="Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physikalische_Eigenschaften">Physikalische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Einsteinium ist ein radioaktives Metall mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 860&nbsp;°C, einem Siedepunkt von 996&nbsp;°C und einer Dichte von 8,84&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-HAIRE_1990_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAIRE_1990-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es kristallisiert im <a href="Kubisches_Kristallsystem" title="Kubisches Kristallsystem">kubischen Kristallsystem</a> in der <a href="Raumgruppe" title="Raumgruppe">Raumgruppe</a> <i>Fm</i><span style="text-decoration:overline">3</span><i>m</i> (Raumgruppen-Nr. 225)<span style="display:none;">Vorlage:Raumgruppe/225</span><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> mit dem Gitterparameter <i>a</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;575&nbsp;pm, was einem <a href="Kubisch-fl%C3%A4chenzentriertes_Gitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubisch-flächenzentriertes Gitter">kubisch flächenzentrierten Gitter</a> (f.c.c.) beziehungsweise einer kubisch dichtesten Kugelpackung mit der Stapelfolge ABC entspricht. Die Radioaktivität ist derart stark, dass dadurch das Metallgitter zerstört wird.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_METALL_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_METALL-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das Metall ist divalent und besitzt eine merklich hohe Flüchtigkeit.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemische_Eigenschaften">Chemische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Einsteinium ist wie alle Actinoide sehr reaktionsfähig. In wässriger Lösung ist die dreiwertige <a href="Oxidationsstufe" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidationsstufe">Oxidationsstufe</a> am beständigsten, jedoch kennt man auch zwei- und vierwertige Verbindungen. Zweiwertige Verbindungen konnten bereits als Feststoffe dargestellt werden; der vierwertige Zustand konnte bereits beim chemischen Transport in Tracermengen postuliert werden, eine endgültige Bestätigung steht aber noch aus.<sup id="cite_ref-HAIRE_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAIRE-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wässrige Lösungen mit Es<sup>3+</sup>-Ionen haben eine blassrosa Farbe.<sup id="cite_ref-HOWI_1956_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOWI_1956-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicherheitshinweise">Sicherheitshinweise</h2></div>
<p>Einstufungen nach der <a href="Verordnung_(EG)_Nr._1272/2008_(CLP)" title="Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1272/2008 (CLP)">CLP-Verordnung</a> liegen nicht vor, weil diese nur die chemische Gefährlichkeit umfassen und eine völlig untergeordnete Rolle gegenüber den auf der <a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">Radioaktivität</a> beruhenden Gefahren spielen. Auch Letzteres gilt nur, wenn es sich um eine dafür relevante Stoffmenge handelt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Einsteinium findet vor allem Anwendung bei der Erzeugung höherer <a href="Transurane" title="Transurane">Transurane</a> und <a href="Transactinoide" title="Transactinoide">Transactinoide</a>. Ansonsten werden das Metall wie auch seine Verbindungen in erster Linie in geringen Mengen zu Studienzwecken gewonnen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2></div>
<p><i>→ Kategorie: Einsteiniumverbindung</i>
</p><p>Die Untersuchung von Einsteiniumverbindungen ist durch mehrere Faktoren begrenzt:<sup id="cite_ref-ES_F3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_F3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Das am leichtesten erhältliche Isotop <sup>253</sup>Es ist nur ein- oder zweimal im Jahr im Mikrogramm-Maßstab verfügbar.</li>
<li>Durch die in rund 20-tägiger Halbwertszeit erzeugte intensive Alphastrahlung werden <a href="Fernordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernordnung">Fernordnungen</a> in Feststoffen sehr rasch zerstört.</li>
<li>Durch den radioaktiven Zerfall entstehen die Isotope <sup>249</sup>Bk und <sup>249</sup>Cf, die die Probe rasch verunreinigen. Die Rate beträgt pro Tag ca. 3&nbsp;%.<sup id="cite_ref-ES2O3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES2O3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{253}_{\ 99}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{20\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 97}^{249}Bk\ {\xrightarrow[{314\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 98}^{249}Cf} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msubsup>
<mi></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>99</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>253</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>20</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>97</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>249</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munderover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>314</mn>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mpadded>
</munderover>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>98</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>249</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{253}_{\ 99}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{20\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 97}^{249}Bk\ {\xrightarrow[{314\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 98}^{249}Cf} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a2e6d53c027c0247a7ddbc0c45718d09789f2da2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.828ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.51ex; width:28.079ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{253}_{\ 99}Es\ {\xrightarrow[{20\ d}]{\alpha }}\ _{\ 97}^{249}Bk\ {\xrightarrow[{314\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 98}^{249}Cf} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxide">Oxide</h3></div>
<p><a href="Einsteinium(III)-oxid" title="Einsteinium(III)-oxid">Einsteinium(III)-oxid</a>&nbsp;(Es<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) wurde durch Glühen des entsprechenden Nitrats in Submikrogramm-Mengen erhalten. Der Gitterparameter des kubisch-raumzentrierten Kristalls beträgt 1076,6(6)&nbsp;<a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ES2O3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES2O3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es sind ferner noch eine monokline und eine hexagonale <a href="Lanthanoxid" title="Lanthanoxid">Lanthan(III)-oxid</a>-Struktur bekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxihalogenide">Oxihalogenide</h3></div>
<p>Bekannt sind die Oxihalogenide Einsteinium(III)-oxichlorid&nbsp;(EsOCl),<sup id="cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOUNG_1981-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einsteinium(III)-oxibromid&nbsp;(EsOBr)<sup id="cite_ref-ES_II_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_II-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und Einsteinium(III)-oxiiodid&nbsp;(EsOI).<sup id="cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOUNG_1981-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einsteinium(III)-oxichlorid besitzt eine <a href="Tetragonales_Kristallsystem" title="Tetragonales Kristallsystem">tetragonale</a> Struktur vom PbFCl-Typ.<sup id="cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOUNG_1981-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenide">Halogenide</h3></div>

<p>Halogenide sind für die Oxidationsstufen +2 und +3 bekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOUNG_1981-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HOWI_1969_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOWI_1969-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die stabilste Stufe +3 ist für sämtliche Verbindungen von Fluor bis Iod bekannt und auch in wässriger Lösung stabil.
</p>
<table class="wikitable left" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;">

<tbody><tr>
<td>Oxidationszahl</td>
<td>F</td>
<td>Cl</td>
<td>Br</td>
<td>I
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>+3
</td>
<td>Einsteinium(III)-fluorid<br>EsF<sub>3</sub><br>&nbsp;
</td>
<td>Einsteinium(III)-chlorid<br>EsCl<sub>3</sub><br>orange
</td>
<td>Einsteinium(III)-bromid<br>EsBr<sub>3</sub><br>weißgelb
</td>
<td><a href="Einsteinium(III)-iodid" title="Einsteinium(III)-iodid">Einsteinium(III)-iodid</a><br>EsI<sub>3</sub><br>bernsteinfarben
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>+2
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Einsteinium(II)-chlorid<br>EsCl<sub>2</sub>
</td>
<td>Einsteinium(II)-bromid<br>EsBr<sub>2</sub>
</td>
<td>Einsteinium(II)-iodid<br>EsI<sub>2</sub>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Einsteinium(III)-fluorid&nbsp;(EsF<sub>3</sub>) kann durch Ausfällung aus Einsteinium(III)-chlorid-Lösungen mit Fluorid dargestellt werden, als auch aus Einsteinium(III)-oxid durch Umsetzung mit <a href="Chlortrifluorid" title="Chlortrifluorid">ClF<sub>3</sub></a> oder <a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">F<sub>2</sub></a> bei 1–2&nbsp;Atmosphären Druck und 300–400&nbsp;°C. Die Kristallstruktur konnte nicht bestimmt werden, es wird aber davon ausgegangen, dass sie wie bei <a href="Berkelium(III)-fluorid" title="Berkelium(III)-fluorid">Berkelium(III)-fluorid</a>&nbsp;(BkF<sub>3</sub>) und <a href="Californium(III)-fluorid" title="Californium(III)-fluorid">Californium(III)-fluorid</a>&nbsp;(CfF<sub>3</sub>) dem <a href="Lanthanfluorid" title="Lanthanfluorid">LaF<sub>3</sub>-Typ</a> entspricht.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_F3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_F3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Einsteinium(III)-chlorid&nbsp;(EsCl<sub>3</sub>) ist ein orangefarbener Feststoff und bildet eine <a href="Hexagonales_Kristallsystem" title="Hexagonales Kristallsystem">hexagonale</a> Struktur vom <a href="Uran(III)-chlorid" title="Uran(III)-chlorid">UCl<sub>3</sub>-Typ</a>, wobei das Es-Atom 9-fach koordiniert ist.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Einsteinium(III)-bromid&nbsp;(EsBr<sub>3</sub>) ist ein weißgelber Feststoff und bildet eine <a href="Monoklines_Kristallsystem" title="Monoklines Kristallsystem">monokline</a> Struktur vom <a href="Aluminiumchlorid" title="Aluminiumchlorid">AlCl<sub>3</sub>-Typ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Einsteinium(III)-iodid" title="Einsteinium(III)-iodid">Einsteinium(III)-iodid</a>&nbsp;(EsI<sub>3</sub>) ist ein bernsteinfarbener Feststoff und bildet eine <a href="Hexagonales_Kristallsystem" title="Hexagonales Kristallsystem">hexagonale</a> Struktur vom <a href="Bismut(III)-iodid" title="Bismut(III)-iodid">BiI<sub>3</sub>-Typ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die zweiwertigen Verbindungen des Einsteiniums werden durch Reduktion der dreiwertigen Halogenide mit <a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> dargestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_II_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES_II-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2 EsX3 + H2 -> 2 EsX2 + 2 HX}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mtext>EsX</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mtext>H</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mtext>EsX</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mtext>HX</mtext>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2 EsX3 + H2 -&gt; 2 EsX2 + 2 HX}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a63ee0535c2e08e6871899225ac9dce989d3a0a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:32.302ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {EsX} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {EsX} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {HX} }}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Von Einsteinium(II)-chlorid&nbsp;(EsCl<sub>2</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Einsteinium(II)-bromid&nbsp;(EsBr<sub>2</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und Einsteinium(II)-iodid&nbsp;(EsI<sub>2</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YOUNG_1981-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sind keine näheren kristallographischen Daten bekannt, wohl aber Messwerte von Absorptionsbanden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Richard G. Haire: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Einsteinium.pdf"><i>Einsteinium</i></a>, in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1, S.&nbsp;1577–1620 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_12" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5 12">doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_12</a>).</li>
<li><a href="Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (Hrsg.): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92g2p7cd.pdf">Proceedings of the 'Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100'</a></i>, 23.&nbsp;Januar 1978; Report LBL-7701, April 1979.</li>
<li><i><a href="Gmelins_Handbuch_der_anorganischen_Chemie" title="Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie">Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie</a></i>, System Nr.&nbsp;71, Transurane: Teil&nbsp;A&nbsp;1&nbsp;II, S.&nbsp;20–21; Teil&nbsp;A&nbsp;2, S.&nbsp;46–47; Teil&nbsp;B&nbsp;1, S.&nbsp;82–84.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03179-3">Structural and spectroscopic characterization of an einsteinium complex</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Einsteinium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Einsteinium</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Einsteinium" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Einsteinium">Wiktionary: Einsteinium</a></b>&nbsp;– Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<ul><li>Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-05-00380"><i>Einsteinium</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;Januar 2015.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li>
<li>Albert Ghiorso: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html"><i>Einsteinium and Fermium</i></a>, Chemical &amp; Engineering News, 2003.</li>
<li>Nadja Podbregar: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scinexx.de/news/technik/neuer-einblick-in-das-rare-element-einsteinium/">Neuer Einblick in das exotische Element Einsteinium</a>, scinexx.de – 5. Februar 2021</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/wissenschaft/article226444035/Einsteinium-Das-mysterioese-Element-mit-99-Elektronen.html">Das mysteriöse Element mit 99 Elektronen</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte der atomaren und physikalischen Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, entnommen aus: Richard G. Haire: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717154427/http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Einsteinium.pdf"><i>Einsteinium</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 17. Juli 2010 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>), in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1, S.&nbsp;1577–1620.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-einsteinium-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-einsteinium_2-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=einsteinium&amp;units=1&amp;e_out=0&amp;unc_out=1&amp;at_num_out=1&amp;el_name_out=1&amp;ion_charge_out=1&amp;biblio=1"><i>einsteinium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Einsteinium&amp;rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&amp;rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Webelements-einsteinium-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-einsteinium_3-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/einsteinium/atoms.html"><i>einsteinium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NV_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die von der Radioaktivität ausgehenden Gefahren gehören nicht zu den einzustufenden Eigenschaften nach der GHS-Kennzeichnung. In Bezug auf weitere Gefahren wurde dieses Element entweder noch nicht eingestuft oder eine verlässliche und zitierfähige Quelle hierzu wurde noch nicht gefunden. </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Entdeckung-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Entdeckung_5-8">i</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Albert Ghiorso: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/einsteiniumfermium.html"><i>Einsteinium and Fermium</i></a>, Chemical &amp; Engineering News, 2003.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Albert Ghiorso</a>, G. Bernard Rossi, Bernard G. Harvey, Stanley G. Thompson: <i>Reactions of U<sup>238</sup> with Cyclotron-Produced Nitrogen Ions</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i>&nbsp;(1), S.&nbsp;257–257 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.257" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.257">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.257</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin: <i>Transcurium Isotopes Produced in the Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i>&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;908–908 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.908" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.908">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.908</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. G. Harvey, S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, G. R. Choppin: <i>Further Production of Transcurium Nuclides by Neutron Irradiation</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i>&nbsp;(5), S.&nbsp;1129–1129 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1129</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, A. M. Friedman, P. A. Sellers, G. Pyle, C. M. Stevens, L. B. Magnusson, <a href="John_R._Huizenga" title="John R. Huizenga">J. R. Huizenga</a>: <i>Elements 99 and 100 from Pile-Irradiated Plutonium</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>93</i>&nbsp;(6), S.&nbsp;1428–1428 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.93.1428</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. Fields, M. H. Studier, J. F. Mech, H. Diamond, A. M. Friedman, L. B. Magnusson, J. R. Huizenga: <i>Additional Properties of Isotopes of Elements 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>94</i>&nbsp;(1), S.&nbsp;209–210 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.209" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.209">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.209</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. R. Choppin, S. G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso, B. G. Harvey: <i>Nuclear Properties of Some Isotopes of Californium, Elements 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>94</i>&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;1080–1081 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.94.1080</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugo Atterling, Wilhelm Forsling, Lennart W. Holm, Lars Melander, Björn Åström: <i>Element 100 Produced by Means of Cyclotron-Accelerated Oxygen Ions</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>95</i>&nbsp;(2), S.&nbsp;585–586 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.585.2</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Properties_1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Properties_1_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="G._T._Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="G. T. Seaborg">G. T. Seaborg</a>, S. G. Thompson, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin: <i>Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0047&amp;numPages=40&amp;fp=N">Abstract</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0047.pdf">Maschinoskript (23.&nbsp;Juli 1954), Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, UCRL-2591 (Rev.)</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Properties_2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Properties_2_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. G. Thompson, B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin, G. T. Seaborg: <i>Chemical Properties of Elements 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="J._Am._Chem._Soc." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Am. Chem. Soc.">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</a></i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>76</i>&nbsp;(24), S.&nbsp;6229–6236 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a004" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/ja01653a004">doi:10.1021/ja01653a004</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ES_FM-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_FM_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_FM_15-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Ghiorso, S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg <i>(Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California)</i>, M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, S. M. Fried, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, G. L. Pyle, J. R. Huizenga, A. Hirsch, W. M. Manning <i>(Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois)</i>, C. I. Browne, H. L. Smith, R. W. Spence <i>(Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico)</i>: <i>New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1955</b>, <i>99</i>&nbsp;(3), S.&nbsp;1048–1049 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositories.cdlib.org/lbnl/UCRL-3036">Maschinoskript (9.&nbsp;Juni 1955), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Paper UCRL-3036</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. R. Fields, M. H. Studier, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, M. G. Inghram, G. L. Pyle, C. M. Stevens, S. Fried, W. M. Manning <i>(Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois)</i>; A. Ghiorso, S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg <i>(University of California, Berkeley, California)</i>: <i>Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>102</i>&nbsp;(1), S.&nbsp;180–182 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.180" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.180</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-HAIRE-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HAIRE_17-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HAIRE_17-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Richard G. Haire: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100717154427/http://radchem.nevada.edu/classes/rdch710/files/Einsteinium.pdf"><i>Einsteinium</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 17. Juli 2010 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>), in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Hrsg.): <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1, S.&nbsp;1577–1620.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-knk-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-knk_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Pfennig, H. Klewe-Nebenius, W. Seelmann-Eggebert (Hrsg.): <i><a href="Karlsruher_Nuklidkarte" title="Karlsruher Nuklidkarte">Karlsruher Nuklidkarte</a></i>, 7. Aufl., 2006.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Irshad Ahmad, Frank Wagner, Jr.: <i>Half-life of the longest-lived Einsteinium Isotope-<sup>252</sup>Es</i>, in: <i><a href="J._Inorg._Nucl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.">J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1977</b>, <i>39</i>&nbsp;(9), S.&nbsp;1509–1511 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(77)80089-4" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0022-1902(77)80089-4">doi:10.1016/0022-1902(77)80089-4</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William McHarris, F. S. Stephens, F. Asaro, I. Perlman: <i>Decay Scheme of Einsteinium-254</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1966</b>, <i>144</i>&nbsp;(3), S.&nbsp;1031–1045 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.144.1031" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.144.1031">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.144.1031</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nubase-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nubase_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot, A. H. Wapstra: <i>The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties</i>, in: <i><a href="Nuclear_Physics_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Physics A">Nuclear Physics A</a></i>, 729, 2003, S.&nbsp;3–128. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/nubase2003/Nubase2003.pdf">PDF</a>; 1,0&nbsp;MB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neutrons.ornl.gov/facilities/HFIR/">High Flux Isotope Reactor</a>, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; abgerufen am 23. September 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Darleane C. Hoffman, Albert Ghiorso, Glenn Theodore Seaborg: <i>The Transuranium People: The Inside Story</i>, Imperial College Press, 2000, ISBN 978-1-86094-087-3, S.&nbsp;190–191 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=4BtnthnFzy0C&amp;pg=PA190#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Jones, R. P. Schuman, J. P. Butler, G. Cowper, T. A. Eastwood, H. G. Jackson: <i>Isotopes of Einsteinium and Fermium Produced by Neutron Irradiation of Plutonium</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>102</i>&nbsp;(1), S.&nbsp;203–207 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.203" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.203">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.102.203</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. I. Guseva, K. V. Filippova, Yu. B. Gerlit, V. A. Druin, B. F. Myasoedov, N. I. Tarantin: <i>Experiments on the Production of Einsteinium and Fermium with a Cyclotron</i>, in: <i>Journal of Nuclear Energy</i>, <b>1954</b>, <i>3</i>&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;341–346 (übersetzt im November 1956) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-X" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-X">doi:10.1016/0891-3919(56)90064-X</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Chetham-Strode, L. W. Holm: <i>New Isotope Einsteinium-248</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>104</i>&nbsp;(5), S.&nbsp;1314–1314 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.104.1314" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1314">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1314</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard G. Harvey, Alfred Chetham-Strode, Albert Ghiorso, Gregory R. Choppin, Stanley G. Thompson: <i>New Isotopes of Einsteinium</i>, in: <i><a href="Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>, <b>1956</b>, <i>104</i>&nbsp;(5), S.&nbsp;1315–1319 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.104.1315" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1315">doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1315</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. A. Kulyukhin, L. N. Auerman, V. L. Novichenko, N. B. Mikheev, I. A. Rumer, A. N. Kamenskaya, L. A. Goncharov, A. I. Smirnov: <i>Production of Microgram Quantities of Einsteinium-253 by the Reactor Irradiation of Californium</i>, in: <i><a href="Inorganica_Chimica_Acta" title="Inorganica Chimica Acta">Inorganica Chimica Acta</a></i>, <b>1985</b>, <i>110</i>&nbsp;(1), S.&nbsp;25–26 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)81347-X" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)81347-X">doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)81347-X</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. B. Cunningham, T. C. Parsons, USAEC Doc. UCRL-20426 (1971), S.&nbsp;239.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ES_METALL-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_METALL_30-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_METALL_30-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">R. G. Haire, R. D. Baybarz: <i>Studies of einsteinium metal</i>, in: <i>Journal de Physique Colloques</i>, <b>1979</b>, <i>40</i>&nbsp;(C4), S.&nbsp;101–102 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1979431" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1979431">doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1979431</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/21/88/27/PDF/ajp-jphyscol197940C431.pdf">PDF</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/6582609/6582609.pdf">PDF (Maschinoskript)</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-HAIRE_1990-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HAIRE_1990_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
R. G. Haire: <i>Properties of the Transplutonium Metals (Am-Fm)</i>, in: Metals Handbook, Vol.&nbsp;2, 10. Auflage, (ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1990), S.&nbsp;1198–1201.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillip D. Kleinschmidt, John W. Ward, George M. Matlack, Richard G. Haire: <i>Henry’s Law vaporization studies and thermodynamics of einsteinium‐253 metal dissolved in ytterbium</i>, in: <i><a href="Journal_of_Chemical_Physics" title="Journal of Chemical Physics">J. Chem. Phys.</a></i>, <b>1984</b>, <i>81</i>, S.&nbsp;473–477 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.447328" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1063/1.447328">doi:10.1063/1.447328</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-HOWI_1956-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HOWI_1956_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102.&nbsp;Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1, S.&nbsp;1956.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ES_F3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_F3_34-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_F3_34-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">D. D. Ensor, J. R. Peterson, R. G. Haire, J. P. Young: <i>Absorption spectrophotometric study of <sup>253</sup>EsF<sub>3</sub> and its decay products in the bulk-phase solid state</i>, in: <i><a href="J._Inorg._Nucl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.">J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1981</b>, <i>43</i>&nbsp;(10), S.&nbsp;2425–2427 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(81)80274-6" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0022-1902(81)80274-6">doi:10.1016/0022-1902(81)80274-6</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ES2O3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES2O3_35-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES2O3_35-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">R. G. Haire, R. D. Baybarz: <i>Identification and Analysis of Einsteinium Sesquioxide by Electron Diffraction</i>, in: <i><a href="J._Inorg._Nucl._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.">J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1973</b>, <i>35</i>&nbsp;(2), S.&nbsp;489–496 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(73)80561-5" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80561-5">doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80561-5</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. G. Haire, L. Eyring, in: <i>Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths</i>, vol.&nbsp;18 <i>Lanthanoids and Actinides Chemistry</i> (hrsg. von K. A. Gscheidner, Jr., L. Eyring, G. R. Choppin, G. H. Lander), North-Holland, New York 1994, S.&nbsp;414–505.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-YOUNG_1981-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-YOUNG_1981_37-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. P. Young, R. G. Haire, J. R. Peterson, D. D. Ensor, R. L. Fellow: <i>Chemical Consequences of Radioactive Decay. 2. Spectrophotometric Study of the Ingrowth of Berkelium-249 and Californium-249 into Halides of Einsteinium-253</i>, in: <i><a href="Inorg._Chem." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Chem.">Inorg. Chem.</a></i>, <b>1981</b>, <i>20</i>&nbsp;(11), S.&nbsp;3979–3983 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a076" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/ic50225a076">doi:10.1021/ic50225a076</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ES_II-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_II_38-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ES_II_38-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. R. Peterson, D. D. Ensor, R. L. Fellows, R. G. Haire, J. P. Young: <i>Preparation, characterization, and decay of einsteinium(II) in the solid state</i>, in: <i>Journal de Physique Colloques</i>, <b>1979</b>, <i>40</i>&nbsp;(C4), S.&nbsp;111–113 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1979435" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1979435">doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1979435</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/21/88/31/PDF/ajp-jphyscol197940C435.pdf">PDF</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-HOWI_1969-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HOWI_1969_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102.&nbsp;Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1, S.&nbsp;1969.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. P. Young, R. G. Haire, R. L. Fellows, J. R. Peterson: <i>Spectrophotometric studies of transcurium element halides and oxyhalides in the solid state</i>, in: <i>Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry</i>, <b>1978</b>, <i>43</i>&nbsp;(2), S.&nbsp;479–488 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02519508" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/BF02519508">doi:10.1007/BF02519508</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. K. Fujita, B. B. Cunningham, T. C. Parsons, J. R. Peterson: <i>The solution absorption spectrum of Es<sup>3+</sup></i>, in: <i><a href="Inorg._Nucl._Chem._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.">Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1969</b>, <i>5</i>&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;245–250 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(69)80192-3" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80192-3">doi:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80192-3</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. K. Fujita, B. B. Cunningham, T. C. Parsons: <i>Crystal structures and lattice parameters of einsteinium trichloride and einsteinium oxychloride</i>, in: <i><a href="Inorg._Nucl._Chem._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.">Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1969</b>, <i>5</i>&nbsp;(4), S.&nbsp;307–313 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(69)80203-5" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80203-5">doi:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80203-5</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. L. Fellows, J. R. Peterson, M. Noé, J. P. Young, R. G. Haire: <i>X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies of crystalline einsteinium(III) bromide, <sup>253</sup>EsBr<sub>3</sub></i>, in: <i><a href="Inorg._Nucl._Chem._Lett." class="mw-redirect" title="Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.">Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett.</a></i>, <b>1975</b>, <i>11</i>&nbsp;(11), S.&nbsp;737–742 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1650(75)80090-0" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/0020-1650(75)80090-0">doi:10.1016/0020-1650(75)80090-0</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. G. Haire, ORNL Report 5485, <b>1978</b>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. R. Peterson: <i>Chemical Properties of Einsteinium: Part II</i>, in: G. T. Seaborg (Hrsg.): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92g2p7cd.pdf">Proceedings of the 'Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100'</a></i>, 23.&nbsp;Januar 1978; Report LBL-7701, April 1979, S.&nbsp;55–64.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. L. Fellows, J. P. Young, R. G. Haire, J. R. Peterson, in: <i>The Rare Earths in Modern Science and Technology</i> (hrsg. von G. J. McCarthy und J. J. Rhyne), Plenum Press, New York 1977, S.&nbsp;493–499.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. P. Young, R. G. Haire, R. L. Fellows, M. Noé, J. R. Peterson: <i>Spectroscopic and X-ray Diffraction Studies of the Bromides of Cf-249 and Es-253</i>, in: <i>Transplutonium 1975</i> (hrsg. von W. Müller und R. Lindner), North Holland, Amsterdam 1976, S.&nbsp;227–234.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r260755238">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste{border:1px solid var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1.5em;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-bild{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-kopf{background:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste.mw-collapsed .klappleiste-bild{display:none}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+link+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a>
</td>
<td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Helium" title="Helium">He</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Bor" title="Bor">B</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Selen" title="Selen">Se</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Brom" title="Brom">Br</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Indium" title="Indium">In</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Iod" title="Iod">I</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Gold" title="Gold">Au</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Astat" title="Astat">At</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Uran" title="Uran">U</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Es</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div>

<div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten">
<div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;">
<div>
Normdaten&nbsp;(Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4151415-4">4151415-4</a></span> </div>
</div></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-09-11" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Einsteinium&amp;oldid=259639968">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>

</body></html>